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This chapter provides an overview of how to download and process a wide range of football and fantasy football-related data. We leverage the data in subsequent chapters for data analysis.
library("ffanalytics") # to install: install.packages("remotes"); remotes::install_github("FantasyFootballAnalytics/ffanalytics")
library("petersenlab") # to install: install.packages("remotes"); remotes::install_github("DevPsyLab/petersenlab")
library("nflreadr")
library("nflfastR")
library("nflseedR")
library("nfl4th")
library("nflplotR")
library("progressr")
library("lubridate")
library("tidyverse")Data Dictionaries are metadata that describe the meaning of the variables in a dataset. Ho & Carl (2025a) provide Data Dictionaries for the various National Football League (NFL) datasets at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/index.html.
Below, we provide examples for how to download various types of NFL data using the nflreadr (Ho & Carl, 2024) and nflfastR (Carl & Baldwin, 2024) packages that are part of the nflverse ecosystem of packages (Carl et al., 2023). For additional resources, Congelio (2023) provides a helpful introductory text for working with NFL data in R. We save each data file after downloading it, so we can use the data in subsequent chapters. If you have difficulty downloading the data files using the nflreadr (Ho & Carl, 2024) or nflfastR (Carl & Baldwin, 2024) packages, we also saved the data files so they are publicly available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/z6pg4.
This chapter extensively uses merging to process the data for later use. See Section 3.26 for a reminder of how to perform merging, the types of merges, and what you can expect when you merge data objects with different formats. Guidance for how to merge the various NFL-related data files is provided by Sharpe (2020a): https://github.com/nflverse/nfldata/blob/master/DATASETS.md.
You can access a data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_players object is in player form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by gsis_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly by player.
In this case, I arrange the data by player using display_name. You could arrange by gsis_id (or any other variable, for that matter), but gsis_id is fairly unintelligible by itself. For instance, here are the first six players by ID according to gsis_id:
[1] "00-0028830" "00-0038389" "00-0024644" "ABB498348" "00-0031021"
[6] "00-0032860"Note how it is unclear who these players are until you combine this column with other, more relevant information. Thus, I prefer to sort by a variable that is more interpretable, such as a player’s name. Here are the first six players by name according to display_name:
[1] "Isaako Aaitui" "Israel Abanikanda" "Jon Abbate"
[4] "Vince Abbott" "Jared Abbrederis" "Mehdi Abdesmad" Note how it is more clear, at a glance and without additional information, who these players are.
In data analysis, the variable(s) that are used to sort the dataframe are primarily chosen for aesthetic or usability purposes. Many data analysis approaches do not depend on the order of the rows in the data. However, the sorting of the dataframe may influence data wrangling operations. Thus, when performing data wrangling operations it may be prudent to make sure to re-sort the data to the desired format before performing such operations.
Regardless of which variable(s) are used to sort the dataframe, it is important to know which variable(s) uniquely identify the rows because that will influence approaches to merge the data with other dataframes. For instance, it would be preferable to merge two data objects based on the player ID (gsis_id) rather than the player name (display_name), because multiple players share the same name, which can lead the merge operation not to know which player from the first dataframe goes with which player from the second dataframe when both players have the same name (despite different having different player IDs).
Let’s check for duplicate player instances:
Let’s do some data cleanup:
Here are the variable names:
The nfl_teams object is in team form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by team_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate team instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025h) provide a Data Dictionary for fantasy player ID data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_ff_playerids.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_playerIDs object is in player form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by mfl_id.
Let’s check for duplicate player instances:
Let’s do some data processing to help with merging the dataset with other datasets:
Here are the variable names:
A Data Dictionary for rosters is located at the following links:
You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_rosters object is in player-season-team form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of gsis_id, season, and team. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
nfl_rosters <- nfl_rosters_raw %>%
left_join(
rosters %>% select(playerid, season, team, side, category, games, starts, years, av),
by = c("season","team","pfr_id" = "playerid"),
na_matches = "never"
) %>%
select(gsis_id, season, team, week, everything()) %>%
arrange(full_name, gsis_id, season, team, week)Let’s check for duplicate player-season-team instances:
Let’s do some data cleanup:
# Drop players with missing values for gsis_id
nfl_rosters <- nfl_rosters %>%
filter(!is.na(gsis_id))
# Fill in missing values for a player in their duplicate instances, and then keep only the first of the duplicate instances
nfl_rosters <- nfl_rosters %>%
group_by(gsis_id, season, team) %>%
fill(names(.), .direction = "downup") %>%
slice_head(n = 1) %>%
ungroup()Let’s check again for duplicate player-season-team instances:
The nfl_rosters_weekly object is in player-season-week form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of gsis_id, season, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Let’s do some data cleanup:
# Drop players with missing values for gsis_id
nfl_rosters_weekly <- nfl_rosters_weekly %>%
filter(!is.na(gsis_id))
# Fill in missing values for a player in their duplicate instances, and then keep only the first of the duplicate instances
nfl_rosters_weekly <- nfl_rosters_weekly %>%
group_by(gsis_id, season, week) %>%
fill(names(.), .direction = "downup") %>%
slice_head(n = 1) %>%
ungroup()Let’s check again for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025s) provide a Data Dictionary for game schedules data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_schedules.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_schedules object is in game form and in season-week (and -game type) form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by game_id. Each row should also be uniquely identified by the combination of season and week (and game type).
Let’s check for duplicate game instances:
Here are the variable names:
Sharpe (2020d) provides a Data Dictionary for standings data at the following link: https://github.com/nflverse/nfldata/blob/master/DATASETS.md#standings
We can determine NFL standings based on the nfl_schedules object using the nflseedR (Carl & Sharpe, 2025) package.
The nfl_standings object is in season-team form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of season and team.
Let’s check for duplicate season-team instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025b) provide a Data Dictionary for data from the NFL Combine at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_combine.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_combine object is in player form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the player’s id. However, there is no gsis_id variable to merge it easily with other datasets. Some of the players have other id variables, including pfr_id and cfb_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s do some data processing to help with merging the dataset with other datasets:
nfl_combine <- nfl_combine %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(player_name, lowercase = TRUE)
)
# First, merge on both pfr_id and cfb_id
merged_data1 <- left_join(
nfl_combine,
nfl_playerIDs %>% select(pfr_id, cfbref_id, gsis_id),
by = c("pfr_id", "cfb_id" = "cfbref_id"),
na_matches = "never"
)
# Second, merge on pfr_id
merged_data2 <- left_join(
nfl_combine,
nfl_playerIDs %>% select(pfr_id, merge_name, position, gsis_id),
by = c("pfr_id","merge_name","pos" = "position"),
na_matches = "never"
)
# Third, merge on cfb_id
merged_data3 <- left_join(
nfl_combine,
nfl_playerIDs %>% select(cfbref_id, merge_name, position, gsis_id),
by = c("cfb_id" = "cfbref_id","merge_name","pos" = "position"),
na_matches = "never"
)
# Combine gsis_id across merges
nfl_combine$gsis_id <- coalesce(
merged_data1$gsis_id,
merged_data2$gsis_id,
merged_data3$gsis_id
)
# Rearrange the data
nfl_combine <- nfl_combine %>%
select(gsis_id, pfr_id, cfb_id, player_name, everything()) %>%
arrange(season, player_name)Let’s check for duplicate gsis_id, pfr_id, and cfb_id instances:
Let’s do some additional data processing:
# Drop Stanford Samuels Jr.
nfl_combine$gsis_id[which(nfl_combine$cfb_id == "stanford-samuels-1")] <- NA
nfl_combine <- nfl_combine %>%
separate_wider_delim(
ht,
names = c("feet", "inches"),
delim = "-") %>%
mutate(
feet = as.numeric(feet),
inches = as.numeric(inches),
ht = feet * 12 + inches
) %>%
select(-feet, -inches)However, these apparent duplicates appear to be different players at different positions:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025e) provide a Data Dictionary for draft picks data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_draft_picks.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_draftPicks object is in player form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by gsis_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player instances:
Let’s do some data cleanup:
Let’s check again for duplicate player instances:
Here are the variable names:
Sharpe (2020b) provides a Data Dictionary for draft values data at the following link: https://github.com/nflverse/nfldata/blob/master/DATASETS.md#draft_values
The nfl_draftValues object is in pick form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by pick. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate pick instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025d) provide a Data Dictionary for data from weekly depth charts at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_depth_charts.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_depthCharts object is in player-season-week-position form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of gsis_id, season, week, and depth_position. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
nfl_depthCharts <- nfl_depthCharts_raw %>%
select(gsis_id, season, week, depth_position, everything()) %>% #NOTE: the data structure will change beginning in the 2025 season: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_depth_charts.html
arrange(full_name, gsis_id, season, week, depth_position)Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week-position instances:
Let’s do some data cleanup:
# Drop players with missing values for gsis_id
nfl_depthCharts <- nfl_depthCharts %>%
filter(!is.na(gsis_id))
# Fill in missing values for a player in their duplicate instances, and then keep only the first of the duplicate instances
nfl_depthCharts <- nfl_depthCharts %>%
group_by(gsis_id, season, week, depth_position) %>%
fill(names(.), .direction = "downup") %>%
slice_head(n = 1) %>%
ungroup()Let’s check again for duplicate player-season-week-position instances:
Here are the variable names:
Sharpe (2020e) provides a Data Dictionary for NFL trade data at the following link: https://github.com/nflverse/nfldata/blob/master/DATASETS.md#trades. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_trades object is in trade-player form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of trade_id and pfr_id.
Let’s check for duplicate trade-player instances:
Here are the variable names:
To download play-by-play data from prior weeks and seasons, we can use the nflreadr::load_pbp() function of the nflreadr package (Ho & Carl, 2024). We add a progress bar using the progressr::with_progress() function from the progressr package (Bengtsson, 2024) because it takes a while to run. Ho & Carl (2025n) provide a Data Dictionary for the play-by-play data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_pbp.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
Note: the following code takes a while to run.
The nfl_pbp object is in game-drive-play form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of game_id, fixed_drive, play_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-drive-play instances:
Here are the variable names:
Now, let’s identify the unique seasons of play-by-play data for use in later calculations:
We use the nfl4th package (Baldwin, 2023) to download fourth down data.
Note: the following code takes a while to run.
The nfl_4thdown object is in game-drive-play form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of game_id, drive, play_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-drive-play instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025m) provide a Data Dictionary for the participation data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_participation.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
nfl_participation_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_participation(
seasons = 2016:nflreadr::most_recent_season(), # participation data available after each season has ended per changelog for nflreadr v1.5.0 (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nflreadr/news/news.html)
include_pbp = TRUE))The nfl_participation object is in game-drive-play form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of nflverse_game_id, drive, play_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-drive-play instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025u) provide a Data Dictionary for historical actual team statistics data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_team_stats.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
nfl_actualStats_team_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_team_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
summary_level = "week"))
nfl_actualStats_team_seasonal_reg_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_team_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
summary_level = "reg"))
nfl_actualStats_team_seasonal_regPost_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_team_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
summary_level = "reg+post"))The nfl_actualStats_team_weekly_raw object is in season-week-team form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of season, week, and team. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate season-week-team instances:
Here are the variable names:
The nfl_actualStats_team_seasonal_reg_raw and nfl_actualStats_team_seasonal_regPost_raw objects are in season-team form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of season and team. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate season-week-team instances:
We can download historical actual player statistics as a function of different timeframes, including week-by-week and season-by-season.
We can download historical week-by-week actual player statistics using the nflreadr::load_player_stats() function from the nflreadr package (Ho & Carl, 2024). Nevertheless, we could also calculate historical actual week-by-week statistics, as in Section 4.4.1.1 Ho & Carl (2025p) provide a Data Dictionary for statistics for offensive players at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_player_stats.html. Ho & Carl (2025q) provide a Data Dictionary for statistics for defensive players at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_player_stats_def.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_actualStats_weekly object is in player-season-week form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id, season, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
We can download historical season-by-season actual player statistics using the nflreadr::load_player_stats() function from the nflreadr package (Ho & Carl, 2024). Nevertheless, we could also calculate historical actual season-by-season statistics, as in Section 4.4.1.2. Ho & Carl (2025p) provide a Data Dictionary for statistics for offensive players at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_player_stats.html. Ho & Carl (2025q) provide a Data Dictionary for statistics for defensive players at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_player_stats_def.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_actualStats_player_seasonal objects are in player-season form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id and season. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
nfl_actualStats_player_seasonal_reg <- nfl_actualStats_player_seasonal_reg_raw %>%
rename(team = recent_team) %>%
select(player_id, season, everything()) %>%
arrange(player_display_name, player_id, season)
nfl_actualStats_player_seasonal_regPost <- nfl_actualStats_player_seasonal_regPost_raw %>%
select(player_id, season, everything()) %>%
arrange(player_display_name, player_id, season)Let’s check for duplicate player-season instances:
Here are the variable names:
We calculate historical actual career statistics in Section 4.4.1.3.
Ho & Carl (2025k) provide a Data Dictionary for injury data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_injuries.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_injuries object is in player-season-week form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of gsis_id, season, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025t) provide a Data Dictionary for snap counts data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_snap_counts.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_snapCounts object is in game-player form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of game_id and pfr_player_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game instances:
Here are the variable names:
ESPN provides Quarterbacks Ratings (QBR). QBR is described by Katz & Burke (2016) (archived at https://perma.cc/4TP6-E57U).
Ho & Carl (2025f) provide a Data Dictionary for ESPN QBR data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_espn_qbr.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_espnQBR_seasonal object is in player-season-season type form, where season type refers to regular season versus postseason. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id, season, and season_type. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season-team instances:
The nfl_espnQBR_weekly object is in both game-player form and player-season-season type-week form, where season type refers to regular season versus postseason. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of gsis_id, season, and week or by the combination of player_id, season, season_type, and week_num. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-player or player-season-season type-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025l) provide a Data Dictionary for NFL Next Gen Stats data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_nextgen_stats.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
nfl_nextGenStats_pass_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_nextgen_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("passing")))
nfl_nextGenStats_rush_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_nextgen_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("rushing")))
nfl_nextGenStats_rec_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_nextgen_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("receiving")))
nfl_nextGenStats_weekly_raw <- bind_rows(
nfl_nextGenStats_pass_weekly_raw,
nfl_nextGenStats_rush_weekly_raw,
nfl_nextGenStats_rec_weekly_raw
)The nfl_nextGenStats_weekly object is in player-season-season type-week form, where season type refers to regular season versus postseason. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_gsis_id, season, season_type, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season-season type-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
There is a Data Dictionary for Pro Football Reference passing data at the following links:
You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
Pro Football Reference (2024) provides advanced stats from the 2024 season at the following link: https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2024/advanced.htm
You can download the data using the following syntax:
# Seasonal Data
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_seasonal_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("pass"),
summary_level = c("season")))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_seasonal_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("rush"),
summary_level = c("season")))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_seasonal_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("rec"),
summary_level = c("season")))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_seasonal_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("def"),
summary_level = c("season")))
# Weekly Data
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("pass"),
summary_level = c("week")))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("rush"),
summary_level = c("week")))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("rec"),
summary_level = c("week")))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_pfr_advstats(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = c("def"),
summary_level = c("week")))save(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_seasonal_raw,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_seasonal_raw,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_seasonal_raw,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_seasonal_raw,
file = "./data/nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal_raw.RData"
)
save(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_weekly_raw,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_weekly_raw,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_weekly_raw,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_weekly_raw,
file = "./data/nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly_raw.RData"
)# Clean up player name for merging; name variables based on which data object they're from
## Seasonal Data
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_seasonal <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_seasonal_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(player, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".pass"),
-c(pfr_id, merge_name, season, team))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_seasonal <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_seasonal_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(player, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename(
team = tm
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".rush"),
-c(pfr_id, merge_name, season, team))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_seasonal <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_seasonal_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(player, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename(
team = tm
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".rec"),
-c(pfr_id, merge_name, season, team))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_seasonal <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_seasonal_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(player, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename(
team = tm
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".def"),
-c(pfr_id, merge_name, season, team))
## Weekly Data
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_weekly_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(pfr_player_name, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".pass"),
-c(game_id, pfr_player_id))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_weekly_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(pfr_player_name, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".rush"),
-c(game_id, pfr_player_id))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_weekly_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(pfr_player_name, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".rec"),
-c(game_id, pfr_player_id))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_weekly_raw %>%
mutate(
merge_name = nflreadr::clean_player_names(pfr_player_name, lowercase = TRUE)
) %>%
rename_with(
~ paste0(., ".def"),
-c(game_id, pfr_player_id))
## Merge across positions
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal_list <- list(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_seasonal,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_seasonal,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_seasonal,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_seasonal)
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly_list <- list(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_pass_weekly,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rush_weekly,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_rec_weekly,
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_def_weekly)
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal_list %>%
purrr::reduce(
full_join,
by = c("pfr_id","merge_name","season","team"))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly_list %>%
purrr::reduce(
full_join,
by = c("game_id","pfr_player_id")) #merge_name
#nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly_list %>%
# purrr::reduce(
# full_join,
# by = c("pfr_player_id","merge_name","season","week"))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam %>%
mutate(
pfr_player_name = coalesce(
player.pass,
player.rush,
player.rec,
player.def
),
age = coalesce(
#age.pass,
age.rush,
age.rec,
age.def
),
pos = coalesce(
#pos.pass,
pos.rush,
pos.rec,
pos.def
),
g = coalesce(
#g.pass,
g.rush,
g.rec,
g.def
),
gs = coalesce(
#gs.pass,
gs.rush,
gs.rec,
gs.def
)
) %>%
select(-c(
starts_with("player."),
starts_with("age."),
starts_with("pos."),
starts_with("g."),
starts_with("gs.")))
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly %>%
mutate(
pfr_player_name = coalesce(
pfr_player_name.pass,
pfr_player_name.rush,
pfr_player_name.rec,
pfr_player_name.def
),
season = coalesce(
season.pass,
season.rush,
season.rec,
season.def
),
week = coalesce(
week.pass,
week.rush,
week.rec,
week.def
),
team = coalesce(
team.pass,
team.rush,
team.rec,
team.def
),
merge_name = coalesce(
merge_name.pass,
merge_name.rush,
merge_name.rec,
merge_name.def
),
pfr_game_id = coalesce(
pfr_game_id.pass,
pfr_game_id.rush,
pfr_game_id.rec,
pfr_game_id.def
),
game_type = coalesce(
game_type.pass,
game_type.rush,
game_type.rec,
game_type.def
),
opponent = coalesce(
opponent.pass,
opponent.rush,
opponent.rec,
opponent.def
)
) %>%
select(-c(
starts_with("pfr_player_name."),
starts_with("season."),
starts_with("week."),
starts_with("team."),
starts_with("merge_name."),
starts_with("pfr_game_id."),
starts_with("game_type."),
starts_with("opponent."),
))The nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam object is in player-season-team form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of pfr_id, season, and team. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season-team instances:
Aggregate variables within each pass/rush/rec/def object by team for seasonal data (so seasonal data are in player-season form, not player-season-team form). Depending on the variable, aggregation was performed using a sum, weighted mean (weighted by the number of games played for each team), or a recomputed percentage.
pfrVars <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam %>%
select(pass_attempts.pass:m_tkl_percent.def, g, gs) %>%
names()
weightedAverageVars <- c(
"pocket_time.pass",
"ybc_att.rush","yac_att.rush",
"ybc_r.rec","yac_r.rec","adot.rec","rat.rec",
"yds_cmp.def","yds_tgt.def","dadot.def","m_tkl_percent.def","rat.def"
)
recomputeVars <- c(
"drop_pct.pass", # drops.pass / pass_attempts.pass
"bad_throw_pct.pass", # bad_throws.pass / pass_attempts.pass
"on_tgt_pct.pass", # on_tgt_throws.pass / pass_attempts.pass
"pressure_pct.pass", # times_pressured.pass / pass_attempts.pass
"drop_percent.rec", # drop.rec / tgt.rec
"rec_br.rec", # rec.rec / brk_tkl.rec
"cmp_percent.def" # cmp.def / tgt.def
)
sumVars <- pfrVars[pfrVars %ni% c(
weightedAverageVars, recomputeVars,
"merge_name", "loaded.pass", "loaded.rush", "loaded.rec", "loaded.def")]
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam %>%
group_by(pfr_id, merge_name, season) %>%
summarise(
across(all_of(weightedAverageVars), ~ weighted.mean(.x, w = g, na.rm = TRUE)),
across(all_of(sumVars), ~ sum(.x, na.rm = TRUE)),
.groups = "drop") %>%
mutate(
drop_pct.pass = drops.pass / pass_attempts.pass,
bad_throw_pct.pass = bad_throws.pass / pass_attempts.pass,
on_tgt_pct.pass = on_tgt_throws.pass / pass_attempts.pass,
pressure_pct.pass = times_pressured.pass / pass_attempts.pass,
drop_percent.rec = drop.rec / tgt.rec,
rec_br.rec = drop.rec / tgt.rec,
cmp_percent.def = cmp.def / tgt.def
)
# Merge with other player info
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam_1stTeam <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam %>%
group_by(pfr_id, season) %>%
slice(1)
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam_1stTeam_mergeVars <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam_1stTeam %>%
select(pfr_id, season, team, pfr_player_name, age, pos) #, g, gs
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal %>%
left_join(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonalByTeam_1stTeam_mergeVars,
by = c("pfr_id","season")
) %>%
select(
pfr_id, season, pfr_player_name, pos, age, team, g, gs,
contains(".pass"), contains(".rush"), contains(".rec"), contains(".def"),
everything())Let’s check for duplicate player-season instances:
The nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly object is in both game-player form and player-season-week form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of pfr_player_id, season, and week or by the combination of pfr_player_id, season, game_type, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-player or player-season-week instances:
Merge with gsis_id for merging with other datasets:
# Prepare data for merging
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly <- nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly %>%
rename(pfr_id = pfr_player_id)
# Identify duplicates
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal %>%
select(pfr_id, season, age) %>%
na.omit() %>%
unique() %>%
group_by(pfr_id, season) %>%
filter(n() > 1) %>%
arrange(pfr_id, season) %>%
head()# Merge seasonal data with the player IDs
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal <- left_join(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal,
nfl_playerIDs %>%
filter(!is.na(pfr_id)) %>%
filter(gsis_id != "00-0039137") %>% # drop DL Byron Young, keep OLB Byron Young
select(pfr_id, gsis_id) %>%
unique(),
by = "pfr_id"
)
# Merge weekly data with the player IDs
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly <- left_join(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly,
nfl_playerIDs %>%
filter(!is.na(pfr_id)) %>%
filter(gsis_id != "00-0039137") %>% # drop DL Byron Young, keep OLB Byron Young
select(pfr_id, gsis_id) %>%
unique(),
by = "pfr_id"
)
# Remove distinct players who were given the same `pfr_id` (to allow merging)
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id == "00-0035665" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$pos %in% c("LB","LILB","RILB"))] <- NA # drop LB David Young, keep DB David Young
#nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id == "00-0035665" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$team %in% c("TEN","MIA"))] <- NA # drop LB David Young, keep DB David Young
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id == "00-0035292" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$pos %in% c("LB","LILB","RILB"))] <- NA # drop LB David Young, keep DB David Young
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id == "00-0035292" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$team %in% c("TEN","MIA"))] <- NA # drop LB David Young, keep DB David Young
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id == "00-0033894" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$pos == "DB")] <- NA # drop S Marcus Williams, keep DB David Young
#nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id == "00-0033894" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$pos == "DB")] <- NA # drop S Marcus Williams
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id == "00-0038407" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$pos == "DB")] <- NA # drop DB Jaylon Jones, keep CB Jaylon Jones
#nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id == "00-0038407" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$pos == "DB")] <- NA # drop DB Jaylon Jones, keep CB Jaylon Jones
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id == "00-0037106" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$pos == "DB")] <- NA # drop DB Jaylon Jones, keep CB Jaylon Jones
#nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id == "00-0037106" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$pos == "DB")] <- NA # drop DB Jaylon Jones, keep CB Jaylon Jones
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$gsis_id == "00-0038549" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal$pos == "WR")] <- NA # drop WR DJ TUrner, keep CB DJ Turner
#nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id[which(nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$gsis_id == "00-0038549" & nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly$pos == "WR")] <- NA # drop WR DJ TUrner, keep CB DJ TurnerNow, each row of the nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal object should be uniquely identified by the combination of gsis_id (or pfr_id), and season. Each row of the nfl_advancedStatsPFR_weekly object should be uniquely identified by the combination of gsis_id (or pfr_id), season, and week or by the combination of gsis_id (or pfr_id), season, game_type, and week.
Let’s check again for duplicate game-player or player-season-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025c) provide a Data Dictionary for player contracts data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_contracts.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_playerContracts object is in player-year-team-value form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of otc_id, year_signed, team, and value. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-year-team-value instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025j) provide a Data Dictionary for FTN Charting data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_ftn_charting.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
The nfl_ftnCharting object is in game-play form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of nflverse_game_id and play_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-drive-play instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025i) provide a Data Dictionary for FantasyPros ranking data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_ff_rankings.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
#nfl_rankings_raw <- progressr::with_progress( # currently throws error
# nflreadr::load_ff_rankings(type = "all"))
nfl_rankings_draft_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_ff_rankings(type = "draft"))
nfl_rankings_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_ff_rankings(type = "week"))The nfl_rankings_draft object is in player-page_type form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the player’s id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-page_type instances:
The nfl_rankings_weekly object is in player-page form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by fantasypros_id and page. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-page instances:
Here are the variable names:
Ho & Carl (2025g) provide a Data Dictionary for expected fantasy points data at the following link: https://nflreadr.nflverse.com/articles/dictionary_ff_opportunity.html. You can also access the data dictionary via R using the following syntax:
You can download the data using the following syntax:
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_weekly_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_ff_opportunity(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = "weekly",
model_version = "latest"
))
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_pass_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_ff_opportunity(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = "pbp_pass",
model_version = "latest"
))
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_rush_raw <- progressr::with_progress(
nflreadr::load_ff_opportunity(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = "pbp_rush",
model_version = "latest"
))nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_weekly_raw <- nflreadr::load_ff_opportunity(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = "weekly",
model_version = "latest"
)
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_pass_raw <- nflreadr::load_ff_opportunity(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = "pbp_pass",
model_version = "latest"
)
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_rush_raw <- nflreadr::load_ff_opportunity(
seasons = TRUE,
stat_type = "pbp_rush",
model_version = "latest"
)nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_pbp_list <- list(
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_pass_raw,
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_rush_raw)
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_pbp <- full_join(
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_pass_raw,
nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_rush_raw,
by = c("game_id","fixed_drive","play_id"),
suffix = c(".pass", ".rush")
)The nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_weekly object is in game-player form and in player-season-week form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of game_id and player_id. Each row should also be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id, season, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-player instances and player-season-week instances:
Let’s do some data cleanup:
Let’s check again for duplicate game-player instances and season-week-player instances:
The nfl_expectedFantasyPoints_pbp object is in game-drive-play form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of game_id, fixed_drive, and play_id. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate game-player instances and season-week-player instances:
Here are the variable names:
You can download fantasy football projections in R using the ffanalytics::scrape_data() function of the ffanalytics package (Tungate et al., 2025). Alternatively, if you prefer a graphical user interface, you can also download fantasy football projections using the Fantasy Football Analytics web application (depicted in Figure 4.1): https://apps.fantasyfootballanalytics.net.
Note: the following code takes a while to run.
# Seasonal Projections
players_projections_seasonal_raw <- ffanalytics::scrape_data(
season = NULL, # NULL grabs the current season
week = 0) # 0 grabs seasonal projections
# Weekly Projections
players_projections_weekly_raw <- ffanalytics::scrape_data(
season = NULL, # NULL grabs the current season
week = NULL) # NULL grabs the current weekThe data file is saved in the project repository and can be loaded using the following command:
The players_projections_seasonal_raw and players_projections_weekly_raw object is in player-position-projection source form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of id, pos and data_src. Each row should also be uniquely identified by the combination of player, pos, and data_src.
Let’s check for duplicate player-position-projection source instances:
First, create a scoring object using the default scoring object:
View the default scoring settings:
$pass
$pass$pass_att
[1] 0
$pass$pass_comp
[1] 0
$pass$pass_inc
[1] 0
$pass$pass_yds
[1] 0.04
$pass$pass_tds
[1] 4
$pass$pass_int
[1] -3
$pass$pass_40_yds
[1] 0
$pass$pass_300_yds
[1] 0
$pass$pass_350_yds
[1] 0
$pass$pass_400_yds
[1] 0
$rush
$rush$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$rush$rush_yds
[1] 0.1
$rush$rush_att
[1] 0
$rush$rush_40_yds
[1] 0
$rush$rush_tds
[1] 6
$rush$rush_100_yds
[1] 0
$rush$rush_150_yds
[1] 0
$rush$rush_200_yds
[1] 0
$rec
$rec$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$rec$rec
[1] 0
$rec$rec_yds
[1] 0.1
$rec$rec_tds
[1] 6
$rec$rec_40_yds
[1] 0
$rec$rec_100_yds
[1] 0
$rec$rec_150_yds
[1] 0
$rec$rec_200_yds
[1] 0
$misc
$misc$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$misc$fumbles_lost
[1] -3
$misc$fumbles_total
[1] 0
$misc$sacks
[1] 0
$misc$two_pts
[1] 2
$kick
$kick$xp
[1] 1
$kick$fg_0019
[1] 3
$kick$fg_2029
[1] 3
$kick$fg_3039
[1] 3
$kick$fg_4049
[1] 4
$kick$fg_50
[1] 5
$kick$fg_miss
[1] 0
$ret
$ret$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$ret$return_tds
[1] 6
$ret$return_yds
[1] 0
$idp
$idp$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$idp$idp_solo
[1] 1
$idp$idp_asst
[1] 0.5
$idp$idp_sack
[1] 2
$idp$idp_int
[1] 3
$idp$idp_fum_force
[1] 3
$idp$idp_fum_rec
[1] 2
$idp$idp_pd
[1] 1
$idp$idp_td
[1] 6
$idp$idp_safety
[1] 2
$dst
$dst$dst_fum_rec
[1] 2
$dst$dst_int
[1] 2
$dst$dst_safety
[1] 2
$dst$dst_sacks
[1] 1
$dst$dst_td
[1] 6
$dst$dst_blk
[1] 1.5
$dst$dst_ret_yds
[1] 0
$dst$dst_pts_allowed
[1] 0
$pts_bracket
$pts_bracket[[1]]
$pts_bracket[[1]]$threshold
[1] 0
$pts_bracket[[1]]$points
[1] 10
$pts_bracket[[2]]
$pts_bracket[[2]]$threshold
[1] 6
$pts_bracket[[2]]$points
[1] 7
$pts_bracket[[3]]
$pts_bracket[[3]]$threshold
[1] 20
$pts_bracket[[3]]$points
[1] 4
$pts_bracket[[4]]
$pts_bracket[[4]]$threshold
[1] 34
$pts_bracket[[4]]$points
[1] 0
$pts_bracket[[5]]
$pts_bracket[[5]]$threshold
[1] 99
$pts_bracket[[5]]$points
[1] -4Now, modify the scoring settings to match your league settings. Below, we use the scoring settings for fantasy leagues on NFL.com, which happen to be point-per-reception leagues (i.e., PPR leagues):
scoring_obj <- scoring_obj_default
# Offense
scoring_obj$pass$pass_int <- -2
scoring_obj$rec$rec <- 1
scoring_obj$misc$fumbles_lost <- -2
# Kickers
scoring_obj$kick$fg_4049 <- 3
# Defense/Special Teams
scoring_obj$pts_bracket <- list(
list(threshold = 0, points = 10),
list(threshold = 6, points = 7),
list(threshold = 13, points = 4),
list(threshold = 20, points = 1),
list(threshold = 27, points = 0),
list(threshold = 34, points = -1),
list(threshold = 99, points = -4)
)View our scoring settings:
$pass
$pass$pass_att
[1] 0
$pass$pass_comp
[1] 0
$pass$pass_inc
[1] 0
$pass$pass_yds
[1] 0.04
$pass$pass_tds
[1] 4
$pass$pass_int
[1] -2
$pass$pass_40_yds
[1] 0
$pass$pass_300_yds
[1] 0
$pass$pass_350_yds
[1] 0
$pass$pass_400_yds
[1] 0
$rush
$rush$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$rush$rush_yds
[1] 0.1
$rush$rush_att
[1] 0
$rush$rush_40_yds
[1] 0
$rush$rush_tds
[1] 6
$rush$rush_100_yds
[1] 0
$rush$rush_150_yds
[1] 0
$rush$rush_200_yds
[1] 0
$rec
$rec$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$rec$rec
[1] 1
$rec$rec_yds
[1] 0.1
$rec$rec_tds
[1] 6
$rec$rec_40_yds
[1] 0
$rec$rec_100_yds
[1] 0
$rec$rec_150_yds
[1] 0
$rec$rec_200_yds
[1] 0
$misc
$misc$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$misc$fumbles_lost
[1] -2
$misc$fumbles_total
[1] 0
$misc$sacks
[1] 0
$misc$two_pts
[1] 2
$kick
$kick$xp
[1] 1
$kick$fg_0019
[1] 3
$kick$fg_2029
[1] 3
$kick$fg_3039
[1] 3
$kick$fg_4049
[1] 3
$kick$fg_50
[1] 5
$kick$fg_miss
[1] 0
$ret
$ret$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$ret$return_tds
[1] 6
$ret$return_yds
[1] 0
$idp
$idp$all_pos
[1] TRUE
$idp$idp_solo
[1] 1
$idp$idp_asst
[1] 0.5
$idp$idp_sack
[1] 2
$idp$idp_int
[1] 3
$idp$idp_fum_force
[1] 3
$idp$idp_fum_rec
[1] 2
$idp$idp_pd
[1] 1
$idp$idp_td
[1] 6
$idp$idp_safety
[1] 2
$dst
$dst$dst_fum_rec
[1] 2
$dst$dst_int
[1] 2
$dst$dst_safety
[1] 2
$dst$dst_sacks
[1] 1
$dst$dst_td
[1] 6
$dst$dst_blk
[1] 1.5
$dst$dst_ret_yds
[1] 0
$dst$dst_pts_allowed
[1] 0
$pts_bracket
$pts_bracket[[1]]
$pts_bracket[[1]]$threshold
[1] 0
$pts_bracket[[1]]$points
[1] 10
$pts_bracket[[2]]
$pts_bracket[[2]]$threshold
[1] 6
$pts_bracket[[2]]$points
[1] 7
$pts_bracket[[3]]
$pts_bracket[[3]]$threshold
[1] 13
$pts_bracket[[3]]$points
[1] 4
$pts_bracket[[4]]
$pts_bracket[[4]]$threshold
[1] 20
$pts_bracket[[4]]$points
[1] 1
$pts_bracket[[5]]
$pts_bracket[[5]]$threshold
[1] 27
$pts_bracket[[5]]$points
[1] 0
$pts_bracket[[6]]
$pts_bracket[[6]]$threshold
[1] 34
$pts_bracket[[6]]$points
[1] -1
$pts_bracket[[7]]
$pts_bracket[[7]]$threshold
[1] 99
$pts_bracket[[7]]$points
[1] -4Calculate projected points by source:
players_projectedPoints_seasonal <- ffanalytics:::impute_and_score_sources(
data_result = players_projections_seasonal_raw,
scoring_rules = scoring_obj)
players_projectedPoints_weekly <- ffanalytics:::impute_and_score_sources(
data_result = players_projections_weekly_raw,
scoring_rules = scoring_obj)Calculate projected statistics and points, averaged across sources:
# Seasonal Projections
players_projectedStatsAverage_seasonal <- ffanalytics::projections_table(
players_projections_seasonal_raw,
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
return_raw_stats = TRUE)
players_projectedPointsAverage_seasonal <- ffanalytics::projections_table(
players_projections_seasonal_raw,
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
return_raw_stats = FALSE)
# Weekly Projections
players_projectedStatsAverage_weekly <- ffanalytics::projections_table(
players_projections_weekly_raw,
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
return_raw_stats = TRUE)
players_projectedPointsAverage_weekly <- ffanalytics::projections_table(
players_projections_weekly_raw,
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
return_raw_stats = FALSE)The players_projectedPoints_seasonal, players_projectedStatsAverage_seasonal, players_projectedPointsAverage_seasonal, players_projectedPoints_weekly, players_projectedStatsAverage_weekly, and players_projectedPointsAverage_weekly objects are in player-average type-position form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of id, avg_type and pos (or position).
Let’s check for duplicate player-position-projection source instances:
Let’s merge the two averaged projected statistics and points objects:
players_projections_seasonal_average <- full_join(
players_projectedPointsAverage_seasonal,
players_projectedStatsAverage_seasonal,
by = c("id","avg_type","pos" = "position")
)
players_projections_weekly_average <- full_join(
players_projectedPointsAverage_weekly,
players_projectedStatsAverage_weekly,
by = c("id","avg_type","pos" = "position")
)Let’s again check for duplicate player-position-projection source instances:
players_projections_seasonal_average <- players_projections_seasonal_average %>%
add_ecr() %>%
add_adp() %>%
add_aav() %>%
add_uncertainty() %>%
add_player_info()
players_projections_weekly_average <- players_projections_weekly_average %>%
add_ecr() %>%
add_uncertainty() %>% # comment out if throws an error
add_player_info()Here are the variable names:
The data file is saved in the project repository and can be loaded using the following command:
We can compute historical actual player statistics as a function of different timeframes, including week-by-week, season-by-season, and the player’s career.
We already load players’ week-by-week statistics above using the nflreadr::load_player_stats() function from the nflreadr (Ho & Carl, 2024) package. Nevertheless, we could compute players’ weekly statistics from the play-by-play data using the nflfastR::calculate_stats() function from the nflfastR (Carl & Baldwin, 2024) package:
Note: the following code takes a while to run.
The nfl_actualStats_weekly objects are in player-season-week form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id, season, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
nfl_actualStats_weekly_player <- nfl_actualStats_weekly_player_raw %>%
select(player_id, season, week, everything()) %>%
arrange(player_display_name, player_id, season, week)
nfl_actualStats_weekly_team <- nfl_actualStats_weekly_team_raw %>%
select(season, week, team, everything()) %>%
arrange(season, week, team)Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
We already load players’ season-by-season statistics above using the nflreadr::load_player_stats() function from the nflreadr (Ho & Carl, 2024) package. Nevertheless, we could compute players’ weekly statistics from the play-by-play data using the nflfastR::calculate_stats() function from the nflfastR (Carl & Baldwin, 2024) package:
Note: the following code takes a while to run.
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_raw <- nflfastR::calculate_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
summary_level = "season",
season_type = "REG")
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_raw <- nflfastR::calculate_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
summary_level = "season",
stat_type = "team",
season_type = "REG")
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_inclPost_raw <- nflfastR::calculate_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
summary_level = "season",
season_type = "REG+POST")
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_inclPost_raw <- nflfastR::calculate_stats(
seasons = TRUE,
summary_level = "season",
stat_type = "team",
season_type = "REG+POST")A Data Dictionary for the variables is available in the nfl_stats_variables object that is returned when running the nflfastR::calculate_stats() function:
The nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_raw object is in player-season form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id and season. The nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_raw object is in team-season form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of team and season. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player <- nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_raw %>%
rename(team = recent_team) %>%
select(player_id, season, everything()) %>%
arrange(player_display_name, player_id, season)
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team <- nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_raw %>%
select(season, team, everything()) %>%
arrange(season, team)
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_inclPost <- nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_inclPost_raw %>%
rename(team = recent_team) %>%
select(player_id, season, everything()) %>%
arrange(player_display_name, player_id, season)
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_inclPost <- nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_inclPost_raw %>%
select(season, team, everything()) %>%
arrange(season, team)Let’s check for duplicate player instances:
Let’s remove infinite (implausible) values:
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player[sapply(nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player, is.infinite)] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team[sapply(nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team, is.infinite)] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_inclPost[sapply(nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_inclPost, is.infinite)] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_inclPost[sapply(nfl_actualStats_seasonal_team_inclPost, is.infinite)] <- NAHere are the variable names:
Second, we can compute the players’ career statistics using the nflfastR::calculate_stats() function from the nflfastR package (Carl & Baldwin, 2024).
# Compute Player Stats by Career
playerVars <- nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player %>%
select(games:fantasy_points_ppr) %>%
names()
weightedAverageVars_byGames <- c(
"passing_epa","rushing_epa","receiving_epa",
"target_share","air_yards_share"
)
weightedAverageVars_byAttempts <- c(
"passing_cpoe"
)
weightedAverageVars_byTargets <- c(
"wopr"
)
concatenateVars <- c(
"fg_made_list","fg_missed_list","fg_blocked_list","gwfg_distance_list"
)
recomputeVars <- c(
"pacr", # passing_yards / passing_air_yards
"racr", # receiving_yards / receiving_air_yards
"fg_pct", # fg_made / fg_att
"pat_pct" # pat_made / pat_att
)
sumVars <- playerVars[playerVars %ni% c(
weightedAverageVars_byGames, weightedAverageVars_byAttempts, weightedAverageVars_byTargets, concatenateVars, recomputeVars)]
nfl_actualStats_career_player <- nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player %>%
group_by(player_id) %>%
summarise(
across(all_of(weightedAverageVars_byGames), ~ weighted.mean(.x, w = games, na.rm = TRUE)),
across(all_of(weightedAverageVars_byAttempts), ~ weighted.mean(.x, w = attempts, na.rm = TRUE)),
across(all_of(weightedAverageVars_byTargets), ~ weighted.mean(.x, w = targets, na.rm = TRUE)),
across(all_of(concatenateVars), ~ paste(.x[!is.na(.x)], collapse = ";")),
across(all_of(sumVars), ~ sum(.x, na.rm = TRUE)),
.groups = "drop") %>%
mutate(
pacr = passing_yards / passing_air_yards,
racr = receiving_yards / receiving_air_yards,
fg_pct = fg_made / fg_att,
pat_pct = pat_made / pat_att
)
nfl_actualStats_career_player$fg_made_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player$fg_made_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player$fg_missed_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player$fg_missed_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player$fg_blocked_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player$fg_blocked_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player$gwfg_distance_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player$gwfg_distance_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost <- nfl_actualStats_seasonal_player_inclPost %>%
group_by(player_id) %>%
summarise(
across(all_of(weightedAverageVars_byGames), ~ weighted.mean(.x, w = games, na.rm = TRUE)),
across(all_of(weightedAverageVars_byAttempts), ~ weighted.mean(.x, w = attempts, na.rm = TRUE)),
across(all_of(weightedAverageVars_byTargets), ~ weighted.mean(.x, w = targets, na.rm = TRUE)),
across(all_of(concatenateVars), ~ paste(.x[!is.na(.x)], collapse = ";")),
across(all_of(sumVars), ~ sum(.x, na.rm = TRUE)),
.groups = "drop") %>%
mutate(
pacr = passing_yards / passing_air_yards,
racr = receiving_yards / receiving_air_yards,
fg_pct = fg_made / fg_att,
pat_pct = pat_made / pat_att
)
nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$fg_made_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$fg_made_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$fg_missed_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$fg_missed_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$fg_blocked_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$fg_blocked_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$gwfg_distance_list[which(nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost$gwfg_distance_list == "")] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player[sapply(nfl_actualStats_career_player, is.infinite)] <- NA
nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost[sapply(nfl_actualStats_career_player_inclPost, is.infinite)] <- NALet’s check for duplicate player instances:
Here are the variable names:
We can then calculate players’ historical actual fantasy points for week-by-week, season-by-season, and the player’s career. Specify scoring settings:
Note: the following code takes a while to run.
We set the seasons variable in Section 4.3.13.
#nfl_actualFantasyPoints_weekly_raw <- ffanalytics:::actual_points_scoring(
# season = 2023,
# summary_level = c("week"),
# stat_type = c("player", "dst", "team"),
# season_type = c("REG", "POST", "REG+POST"),
# scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
# vor_baseline = NULL,
# rename_colums = FALSE
#)
pb <- txtProgressBar(
min = 0,
max = length(seasons),
style = 3)
for(i in 1:length(seasons)){
# Compute actual statistics by season
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_seasonalList[[i]] <-
ffanalytics:::actual_points_scoring(
season = seasons[i],
summary_level = c("week"),
stat_type = c("player"),
#season_type = c("REG"),
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
vor_baseline = NULL,
rename_colums = FALSE)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_weekly_seasonalList[[i]] <-
ffanalytics:::actual_points_scoring(
season = seasons[i],
summary_level = c("week"),
stat_type = c("dst"),
#season_type = c("REG"),
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
vor_baseline = NULL,
rename_colums = FALSE)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_seasonalList[[i]]$season <- seasons[i]
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_weekly_seasonalList[[i]]$season <- seasons[i]
print(
paste("Completed computing actual fantasy points for season: ", seasons[i], sep = ""))
# Update the progress bar
setTxtProgressBar(pb, i)
}
# Close the progress bar
close(pb)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_raw <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_seasonalList %>%
dplyr::bind_rows()
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_weekly_raw <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_weekly_seasonalList %>%
dplyr::bind_rows()The nfl_actualFantasyPoints_weekly objects are in player-season-week (or team-season-week) form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id, season, and week (or team-season-week). Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_raw %>%
rename(
fantasyPoints = raw_points,
team = recent_team) %>%
select(player_id, season, week, everything()) %>%
arrange(player_display_name, player_id, season, week)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_weekly <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_weekly_raw %>%
rename(
fantasyPoints = raw_points,
team = recent_team) %>%
select(season, week, team, everything()) %>%
arrange(season, week, team)Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Let’s remove infinite (implausible) values:
Here are the variable names:
Note: the following code takes a while to run.
#nfl_actualFantasyPoints_seasonal_raw <- ffanalytics:::actual_points_scoring(
# season = 2023,
# summary_level = c("season"),
# stat_type = c("player", "dst", "team"),
# season_type = c("REG"),
# scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
# vor_baseline = NULL,
# rename_colums = TRUE
#)
pb <- txtProgressBar(
min = 0,
max = length(seasons),
style = 3)
for(i in 1:length(seasons)){
# Compute actual statistics by season
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal_seasonalList[[i]] <-
ffanalytics:::actual_points_scoring(
season = seasons[i],
summary_level = c("season"),
stat_type = c("player"),
season_type = c("REG"),
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
vor_baseline = NULL,
rename_colums = FALSE)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_seasonal_seasonalList[[i]] <-
ffanalytics:::actual_points_scoring(
season = seasons[i],
summary_level = c("season"),
stat_type = c("dst"),
season_type = c("REG"),
scoring_rules = scoring_obj,
vor_baseline = NULL,
rename_colums = FALSE)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal_seasonalList[[i]]$season <- seasons[i]
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_seasonal_seasonalList[[i]]$season <- seasons[i]
print(
paste("Completed computing actual fantasy points for season: ", seasons[i], sep = ""))
# Update the progress bar
setTxtProgressBar(pb, i)
}
# Close the progress bar
close(pb)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal_raw <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal_seasonalList %>%
dplyr::bind_rows()
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_seasonal_raw <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_seasonal_seasonalList %>%
dplyr::bind_rows()The nfl_actualFantasyPoints_seasonal objects are in player-season (or team-season) form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id and season (or team-season). Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal_raw %>%
rename(
fantasyPoints = raw_points,
team = recent_team) %>%
select(player_id, season, everything()) %>%
arrange(player_display_name, player_id, season)
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_seasonal <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_dst_seasonal_raw %>%
rename(
fantasyPoints = raw_points,
team = recent_team) %>%
select(season, team, everything()) %>%
arrange(season, team)Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Let’s remove infinite (implausible) values:
Here are the variable names:
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_career_raw <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal %>%
group_by(player_id) %>%
summarise(fantasyPoints = sum(fantasyPoints, na.rm = TRUE))
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_career_raw <- full_join(
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_career_raw,
nfl_players %>% select(gsis_id, display_name, first_name, last_name, position_group, position),
by = c("player_id" = "gsis_id")
)Let’s rearrange the data:
Here are the variable names:
We calculate the player’s age based on the difference between dates using the lubridate package (Spinu et al., 2024):
# Reshape from wide to long format
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_long <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly %>%
tidyr::pivot_longer(
cols = c(team, opponent_team),
names_to = "role",
values_to = "team")
# Perform separate inner join operations for the home_team and away_team
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_home <- dplyr::inner_join(
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_long,
nfl_schedules,
by = c("season","week","team" = "home_team")) %>%
mutate(home_away = "home_team")
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_away <- dplyr::inner_join(
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_long,
nfl_schedules,
by = c("season","week","team" = "away_team")) %>%
mutate(home_away = "away_team")
# Combine the results of the join operations
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_schedules_long <- dplyr::bind_rows(
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_home,
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_away)
# Reshape from long to wide
player_game_gameday <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly_schedules_long %>%
dplyr::distinct(player_id, season, week, game_id, home_away, team, gameday) %>% #, .keep_all = TRUE
tidyr::pivot_wider(
names_from = home_away,
values_from = team)
# Merge player birthdate and the game date
player_game_birthdate_gameday <- dplyr::left_join(
player_game_gameday,
unique(nfl_players[,c("gsis_id","birth_date")]),
by = c("player_id" = "gsis_id")
)
player_game_birthdate_gameday$birth_date <- lubridate::ymd(player_game_birthdate_gameday$birth_date)
player_game_birthdate_gameday$gameday <- lubridate::ymd(player_game_birthdate_gameday$gameday)
# Calculate player's age for a given week as the difference between their birthdate and the game date
player_game_birthdate_gameday$age <- lubridate::interval(
start = player_game_birthdate_gameday$birth_date,
end = player_game_birthdate_gameday$gameday
) %>%
lubridate::time_length(unit = "years")
# Merge with Pro Football Reference Data on Player Age by Season
player_game_birthdate_gameday <- player_game_birthdate_gameday %>%
dplyr::left_join(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal %>% filter(!is.na(gsis_id), !is.na(season), !is.na(age)) %>% select(gsis_id, season, age) %>% unique(),
by = c("player_id" = "gsis_id", "season")
)
# Set age as first non-missing value from calculation above or from PFR
player_game_birthdate_gameday <- player_game_birthdate_gameday %>%
mutate(age = coalesce(age.x, age.y)) %>%
select(-age.x, -age.y)
# Calculate ageCentered and ageCenteredQuadratic
player_game_birthdate_gameday$ageCentered20 <- player_game_birthdate_gameday$age - 20
player_game_birthdate_gameday$ageCentered20Quadratic <- player_game_birthdate_gameday$ageCentered20 ^ 2
# Merge with player info
player_age <- dplyr::left_join(
player_game_birthdate_gameday,
nfl_players %>% select(-birth_date, -latest_team),
by = c("player_id" = "gsis_id"))
# Add game_id to weekly stats to facilitate merging
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly <- nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly %>%
dplyr::left_join(
player_age[,c("season","week","player_id","game_id")],
by = c("season","week","player_id"))
# Merge with player weekly stats
player_stats_weekly <- dplyr::full_join(
player_age %>% select(-position, -position_group),
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_weekly,
by = c("season","week","player_id","game_id"))
player_stats_weekly$total_years_of_experience <- as.integer(player_stats_weekly$years_of_experience)
player_stats_weekly$years_of_experience <- NULL
distinct_seasons <- player_stats_weekly %>%
dplyr::select(player_id, season) %>%
dplyr::distinct() %>%
dplyr::left_join(
nfl_players[,c("gsis_id","years_of_experience")],
by = c("player_id" = "gsis_id")
) %>%
dplyr::mutate(total_years_of_experience = as.integer(years_of_experience)) %>%
dplyr::select(-years_of_experience)
years_of_experience <- distinct_seasons %>%
dplyr::arrange(player_id, -season) %>%
dplyr::group_by(player_id) %>%
dplyr::mutate(years_of_experience = first(total_years_of_experience) - (row_number() - 1)) %>%
dplyr::ungroup()
years_of_experience$years_of_experience[which(years_of_experience$years_of_experience < 0)] <- 0
player_stats_weekly <- player_stats_weekly %>%
dplyr::left_join(
years_of_experience[,c("player_id","season","years_of_experience")],
by = c("player_id","season")
)The player_stats_weekly objects are in player-season-week form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id, season, and week. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season-week instances:
Here are the variable names:
# Merge player info with seasonal stats
player_stats_seasonal <- dplyr::full_join(
nfl_actualFantasyPoints_player_seasonal,
nfl_players %>% select(-position, -position_group, -latest_team),
by = c("player_id" = "gsis_id")
)
# Calculate age
season_startdate <- nfl_schedules %>%
dplyr::group_by(season) %>%
dplyr::summarise(startdate = min(gameday, na.rm = TRUE))
player_stats_seasonal <- player_stats_seasonal %>%
dplyr::left_join(
season_startdate,
by = "season"
)
player_stats_seasonal$age <- lubridate::interval(
start = player_stats_seasonal$birth_date,
end = player_stats_seasonal$startdate
) %>%
lubridate::time_length(unit = "years")
# Merge with Pro Football Reference Data on Player Age by Season
player_stats_seasonal <- player_stats_seasonal %>%
dplyr::left_join(
nfl_advancedStatsPFR_seasonal %>% filter(!is.na(gsis_id), !is.na(season), !is.na(age)) %>% select(gsis_id, season, age) %>% unique(),
by = c("player_id" = "gsis_id", "season")
)
# Set age as first non-missing value from calculation above or from PFR
player_stats_seasonal <- player_stats_seasonal %>%
mutate(age = coalesce(age.x, age.y)) %>%
select(-age.x, -age.y)
# Calculate ageCentered and ageCenteredQuadratic
player_stats_seasonal$ageCentered20 <- player_stats_seasonal$age - 20
player_stats_seasonal$ageCentered20Quadratic <- player_stats_seasonal$ageCentered20 ^ 2
# Years of experience
player_stats_seasonal$years_of_experience <- NULL
player_stats_seasonal <- player_stats_seasonal %>%
dplyr::left_join(
years_of_experience[,c("player_id","season","years_of_experience")],
by = c("player_id","season")
)The player_stats_seasonal objects are in player-season form. That is, each row should be uniquely identified by the combination of player_id and season. Let’s rearrange the data accordingly:
Let’s check for duplicate player-season instances:
Here are the variable names:
This chapter provided an overview of how to download and process a wide range of football and fantasy football-related data. Now that we have downloaded and processed a wide range of data, we can use the data in subsequent chapters for data analysis.
R version 4.5.1 (2025-06-13)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Running under: Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS
Matrix products: default
BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libblas.so.3
LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libopenblasp-r0.3.26.so; LAPACK version 3.12.0
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C LC_TIME=C.UTF-8
[4] LC_COLLATE=C.UTF-8 LC_MONETARY=C.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=C.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=C.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C LC_ADDRESS=C
[10] LC_TELEPHONE=C LC_MEASUREMENT=C.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
time zone: UTC
tzcode source: system (glibc)
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] forcats_1.0.0 stringr_1.5.1 dplyr_1.1.4
[4] purrr_1.1.0 readr_2.1.5 tidyr_1.3.1
[7] tibble_3.3.0 ggplot2_3.5.2 tidyverse_2.0.0
[10] lubridate_1.9.4 progressr_0.15.1 nflplotR_1.4.0
[13] nfl4th_1.0.4 nflseedR_2.0.1 nflfastR_5.1.0
[16] nflreadr_1.5.0 petersenlab_1.2.0 ffanalytics_3.1.12.0000
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] Rdpack_2.6.4 DBI_1.2.3 mnormt_2.1.1
[4] gridExtra_2.3 httr2_1.2.1 readxl_1.4.5
[7] rlang_1.1.6 magrittr_2.0.3 furrr_0.3.1
[10] compiler_4.5.1 mgcv_1.9-3 vctrs_0.6.5
[13] reshape2_1.4.4 quadprog_1.5-8 rvest_1.0.5
[16] pkgconfig_2.0.3 fastmap_1.2.0 backports_1.5.0
[19] pbivnorm_0.6.0 promises_1.3.3 rmarkdown_2.29
[22] tzdb_0.5.0 ps_1.9.1 nloptr_2.2.1
[25] xfun_0.53 cachem_1.1.0 jsonlite_2.0.0
[28] later_1.4.4 rrapply_1.2.7 psych_2.5.6
[31] parallel_4.5.1 lavaan_0.6-19 cluster_2.1.8.1
[34] R6_2.6.1 stringi_1.8.7 RColorBrewer_1.1-3
[37] parallelly_1.45.1 boot_1.3-31 rpart_4.1.24
[40] cellranger_1.1.0 xgboost_1.7.11.1 Rcpp_1.1.0
[43] knitr_1.50 base64enc_0.1-3 timechange_0.3.0
[46] Matrix_1.7-3 splines_4.5.1 nnet_7.3-20
[49] tidyselect_1.2.1 rstudioapi_0.17.1 yaml_2.3.10
[52] codetools_0.2-20 websocket_1.4.4 curl_7.0.0
[55] processx_3.8.6 listenv_0.9.1 lattice_0.22-7
[58] plyr_1.8.9 withr_3.0.2 evaluate_1.0.5
[61] foreign_0.8-90 future_1.67.0 xml2_1.4.0
[64] pillar_1.11.0 checkmate_2.3.3 stats4_4.5.1
[67] reformulas_0.4.1 generics_0.1.4 chromote_0.5.1
[70] mix_1.0-13 hms_1.1.3 scales_1.4.0
[73] minqa_1.2.8 globals_0.18.0 xtable_1.8-4
[76] glue_1.8.0 Hmisc_5.2-3 tools_4.5.1
[79] data.table_1.17.8 lme4_1.1-37 gsubfn_0.7
[82] mvtnorm_1.3-3 grid_4.5.1 mitools_2.4
[85] rbibutils_2.3 colorspace_2.1-1 nlme_3.1-168
[88] htmlTable_2.4.3 proto_1.0.0 Formula_1.2-5
[91] cli_3.6.5 rappdirs_0.3.3 viridisLite_0.4.2
[94] gt_1.0.0 gtable_0.3.6 fastrmodels_2.0.0
[97] digest_0.6.37 htmlwidgets_1.6.4 farver_2.1.2
[100] memoise_2.0.1 htmltools_0.5.8.1 lifecycle_1.0.4
[103] httr_1.4.7 MASS_7.3-65